MEMORY
SUPPORT
IMMUNE SUPPORT
Nitric oxide plays many important roles in the immune system. It is produced in high amounts from specialized cells of the immune system called macrophages.
DIGESTIVE SUPPORT
In the gastrointestinal tract, Nitric Oxide is involved in the regulation of regional blood flow, smooth muscle relaxation, secretory and immunological function.[1]
VASCULAR SUPPORT
Since it was identified as the elusive endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the 1980s, nitric oxide (NO) has rapidly gained status as one of the most important signalling molecules in the cardiovascular system. [1]
MOBILITY SUPPORT
Nitric oxide (NO) can modulate the release of various inflammatory mediators from a wide range of cells participating in inflammatory responses (e.g., leukocytes, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, and
platelets).[1]
MEMORY SUPPORT
Nitric oxide (NO) is well established as a molecule necessary for memory processing across a wide variety of tasks and species, from odour discrimination in honey bees (Muller, 1996) to delayed recall in primates (Prendergast et al., 1997).[1]
REST SUPPORT
Nitric Oxide helps reduce anxiety and depression in part because it reduces inflammation and oxidative stress. It also restores circulation and supports healthy blood pressure, which is often elevated in people under stress and with chronic PTSD, thus becoming another risk factor for vascular dementia. [1]
Memory Support
We typically think of NO for its role in cardiovascular health, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction, yet it is also essential for mental health, cognitive function, and prevention of vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s. A lack of adequate NO production increases the risk of depression and the presence
of NO positively affects our mood.[2]
There is a variety of evidence suggesting the importance of the NO/GC pathway in synaptic processes underlying memory consolidation. One important synaptic process consistent with a role in memory processing is
long-term potentiation (LTP). [1]
NO crosses cell membranes freely and plays a role as a neurotransmitter in the brain. The function of NO in the hypothalamus has largely been
implicated in learning process and in memory formation.[3]
Findings provide sufficient support to the report that L-arginine, the
precursor and donor of NO may play a prominent role in the treatment of age-related degenerative disease such as AD. L-arginine and NO donors may also be effective in preventing cognitive disorder produced by
epilepsy, anti epileptic drugs, and diabetes.[4]
Researchers continue to explore the complex and often double-edged role of nitric oxide in learning and memory systems. While there are no current drugs on the market that take advantage of nitric oxide pathways for the treatment of memory dysfunction in humans, there have been a wealth of animal studies exploring how NO could be used to help treat disease. [4]
Putting this all together, it is clear that nitric oxide’s role in learning and memory has broad implications for both normal function and disease. While it can be difficult to balance the wildly different effects of nitric oxide under different conditions, researchers continue to build a better understanding of the molecule in many neural circuits. This understanding might someday help fight against memory-related disease, although there is still a long way to go. [5]
PDF Downloads:
- Biological Roles of Nictric Oxide
- New Perspectives on the Mechanisms Through Which Nitric Oxide May Affect Learning and Memory Processes
References:
Memory Support
[1] New perspectives on the mechanisms through which nitric oxide may affect learning and memory processes.T.M. Edwards, N.S. Rickard https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17188748/
[2] How Nitric Oxide Helps Mental Health and COVID-19 Response How does Nitric Oxide improve mood and enhance immunity? Leslie E. Korn Ph.D., MPH, LMHC, ACS, FNTP. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/rhythms-recovery/202012/how-nitric-oxide-helps-mental-health-and-covid-19-response
[3] Nitric oxide signaling in the central nervous system. Garthwaite J, Boulton CL Annu Rev Physiol. 1995; 57():683- 706.[PubMed] [Ref list]
[4] Involvement of nitric oxide in learning & memory processes. Vanaja Paul and Perumal Ekambaram. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121276/
[5] The Radical Role of Nitric Oxide in Learning. ISSUE 17. Anthony Abruzzini, Irika Sinha. https://greymattersjournal.org/the-radical-role-of-nitric-oxide-in-learning/
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