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IMMUNE SUPPORT
Nitric oxide plays many important roles in the immune system. It is produced in high amounts from specialized cells of the immune system called macrophages.
DIGESTIVE SUPPORT
In the gastrointestinal tract, Nitric Oxide is involved in the regulation of regional blood flow, smooth muscle relaxation, secretory and immunological function.[1]
VASCULAR SUPPORT
Since it was identified as the elusive endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the 1980s, nitric oxide (NO) has rapidly gained status as one of the most important signalling molecules in the cardiovascular system. [1]
MOBILITY SUPPORT
Nitric oxide (NO) can modulate the release of various inflammatory mediators from a wide range of cells participating in inflammatory responses (e.g., leukocytes, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, and
platelets).[1]
MEMORY SUPPORT
Nitric oxide (NO) is well established as a molecule necessary for memory processing across a wide variety of tasks and species, from odour discrimination in honey bees (Muller, 1996) to delayed recall in primates (Prendergast et al., 1997). [1]
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Nitric Oxide helps reduce anxiety and depression in part because it reduces inflammation and oxidative stress. It also restores circulation and supports healthy blood pressure, which is often elevated in people under stress and with chronic PTSD, thus becoming another risk factor for vascular dementia. [1]
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Back in 1989, Solomon Snyder, M.D., a professor of neuroscience,
pharmacology, and psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University, and colleagues reported a provocative discovery—that the gas nitric oxide functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain. Since then, nitric oxide has emerged as an important player in various cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes.
Nitric oxide also seems to be implicated in depression. For example, major depression has been linked with increased expression of two enzymes that make nitric oxide—neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)—as well as with increased nitric oxide levels in the brain. Inhibitors of nNOS and iNOS produced antidepressant- like effects in mice. And now a variant of the gene that makes nNOS and a variant of one that makes iNOS appear to increase depression susceptibility.
The findings were reported in the March Journal of Affective Disorders by a team of Polish scientists. The lead investigator was Piotr Galecki, M.D., Ph.D., vice chair of the Department of Adult Psychiatry at the Medical University of Lodz, Poland. [2]
Additionally, NO has been shown to have an active role in sleep. In recent research, scientists have identified two major vasodilating actions of NO on the cerebral circulation in sleep. The first is to underpin the basal level of cerebral blood over all sleep states; this action appears to uniquely involve NO as cerebral flow depression remains uncompensated with prolonged (24 h) inhibition of NO synthesis.[3]
The second is to produce the cyclic variations of CBF that accompany transitions between sleep states; in this action NO seemingly has a major, although not sole role as the cyclic blood flow differences that normally
accompany transitions between sleep states reemerge in the face of persisting inhibition of NO synthesis. Because this reemergence is slow, we speculate that the restoring molecule or substance is more likely to be a receptor-mediated transmitter (such as adenosine) than a directly acting effector (such as oxygen or K+).[3]
This study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (to D. A. Grant and A. M. Walker); the Department of Industry, Science, and Tourism of Australia (to D. A. Grant and A. M. Walker); the Monash University Research Fund (to D. A. Grant); and the Ministry of Universities and Scientific Research and Technology, Italy (to G. Zoccoli).
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- Nitric Oxide Inhibition Abolishes Sleep-Wake Differences in Cerebral Circulation
References:
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[1] How Nitric Oxide Helps Mental Health and COVID-19 Response How does Nitric Oxide improve mood and enhance immunity? Leslie E. Korn Ph.D., MPH, LMHC, ACS, FNTP. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/rhythms-recovery/202012/how-nitric-oxide-helps-mental-health-and-covid-19-response
[2] Nitric Oxide Gene Variant May Affect Depression Risk. Joan Arehart-Treichel. PsychNews. Published Online:6 May 2011 https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.46.9.psychnews_46_9_20_1
3] Nitric oxide inhibition abolishes sleep-wake differences in cerebral circulation. G. Zoccoli, D. A. Grant, J. Wild, and A. M. Walker. 01 JUN 2001. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2598
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